What is the process of estimating a value within two known values in a sequence, often used for drawing contour lines?

The process of estimating a value within two known values in a sequence is known as interpolation. This method is commonly used in various fields, including surveying and cartography, especially for drawing contour lines on maps. By taking two adjacent known data points, interpolation allows surveyors to deduce an estimated value or position of a point that lies between them.

For example, in contour mapping, if you have elevation markers at certain points, interpolation helps compute the elevation at intermediate points, allowing for a smoother transition of values and accurate representation of the terrain. This process is crucial for creating detailed maps and for understanding the topography accurately.

The other options represent different processes that do not match the context of estimating values within a defined range. Extrapolation, for instance, involves extending a sequence beyond known data points, while calibration relates to adjusting measurements or equipment for accuracy, and differentiation pertains to mathematical changes and rates of change.