What is a low-level language?

A low-level language is characterized primarily by its close relationship to machine language, allowing for direct manipulation of hardware resources. This category includes assembly language, which is considered low-level because it provides a thin abstraction over the machine code specific to a computer's architecture. Assembly language consists of symbolic representations of machine instructions, enabling programmers to write code that can be efficiently translated directly into machine code for execution by the CPU.

Low-level languages are essential in scenarios where performance and hardware interaction are critical, such as system programming or embedded systems. They allow for fine control over system resources, which is often necessary in developing operating systems or performance-sensitive applications.

The other options describe characteristics that align more closely with high-level languages or different programming contexts. For instance, a human-readable programming language typically refers to languages designed for ease of understanding and use, not low-level efficiency. A programming code designed for easy execution is more indicative of high-level languages that prioritize developer productivity over direct hardware manipulation. Lastly, a syntax used for web development typically refers to markup or scripting languages, which are not considered low-level due to their abstraction from the hardware.