What coordinate system specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates?

The Cartesian Coordinate System is a method that specifies each point in a two-dimensional space uniquely by using a pair of numerical coordinates. Typically represented as (x, y), these coordinates correspond to horizontal and vertical distances from a predefined origin point, allowing for precise location determination on a grid defined by perpendicular axes.

In the context of surveying and mapping, the Cartesian system is favored for its simplicity and effectiveness in calculations, particularly in a rectangular coordinate space. It provides a clear framework that interacts seamlessly with various mathematical operations, making it an essential tool in the field.

While the polar coordinate system describes points based on their distance from a reference point and the angle from a reference direction, and the cylindrical coordinate system extends this concept to three dimensions by incorporating height, neither provides the straightforward pair of coordinates defining unique positions on a flat plane. The geographic coordinate system relies on latitude and longitude, which can introduce ambiguities in defining positions, adding complexity rather than clarity. Therefore, the Cartesian Coordinate System stands out as the definitive choice for uniquely identifying points in a straightforward manner.